![]() In TA, no significant difference with the onset of AD was found at age 3–6 years, and significant delayed activation was found at age ≥ 7–8 years. While the starting time decreased with age, no significant preceding activation similar to adults was found, even at age 13–14 years. On the other hand, in BF, significant delayed activation was found at ages 3–4 to 11–12 years. In ES, the starting time preceded the onset of AD in those aged ≥ 5–6 years no difference with adults was found at age 13–14 years. In adults, the burst onsets of ES and BF significantly preceded that of AD. A positive value for the starting time was defined as delayed activation. The starting time was presented as a negative value when the burst onset of the postural muscles preceded that of AD, which was defined as the preceding activation. By using surface electromyography, the duration from the burst onset of the postural muscles to that of AD was measured as the starting time of the postural muscles (rectus abdominis, erector spinae, rectus femoris, biceps femoris, tibialis anterior, gastrocnemius medialis, and soleus ). In response to a visual stimulus, participants raised both arms from a fully extended position as quickly as possible, stopped their arms voluntarily at a horizontal level at the shoulder, and maintained that position for 2 s. The study participants were 276 children (aged 3–14 years) and 32 adults (aged 20–26 years). We offer a Price Match Guarantee, and QuickQuote form, to make purchasing quick and easy.We aimed to obtain the standard values of age-related changes in the activation timing of postural muscles to the prime mover muscle (anterior deltoid ) for bilateral arm flexion during standing. Unlike Amazon and other retailers who may also offer Prime Mover (A Natural History of Muscle) books on their website, we specialize in large quantities and provide personal service, from trusted, experienced, friendly people in Portland, Oregon. All standard bulk book orders ship FREE in the continental USA and delivered in 4-10 business days. ![]() Norton & Company (August 17, 2003) is available in paperback. This book title, Prime Mover (A Natural History of Muscle), ISBN: 9780393324631, by Steven Vogel, published by W. His talents as both scientist and writer shine in this masterful narrative of biological ingenuity, as he relates the story-and science-of nature's greatest engine. Steven Vogel is a leader in the great new field of bioengineering, which is rapidly explaining the beauty and efficiency of nature. Here we're treated to the story of how form and performance make these things happen-how nature does her work. Those of us who are right-handed can tighten screws and jar lids more forcibly than we can loosen them. Our everyday activities turn on the performance of nature's main engine: we may breathe harder going uphill, but we put more strain on our muscles walking downhill. Although muscles differ little in appearance and performance across the animal kingdom, they accomplish tasks as diverse as making flies fly, rattlesnakes rattle, and squid shoot their tentacles. Whether we blink an eye, lift a finger, throw a spear or a ball, walk, run, or merely breathe, we are using muscle. Lewis George Orwell Mary Pope Osborne LeUyen Pham Dav Pilkey Roger Priddy Rick Riordan J. ![]()
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